Housing
In recent years, the Bay Area Council has excelled in passing policies to improve the homebuilding environment, but many challenges remain. Currently, the state and the region permit about half of the housing they would need to permit to prevent home prices from rising faster than inflation. The Council’s top housing goal is to successfully double the rate of housing production on an annual basis by 2031, so that our region is on the path to affordability.
A dramatic increase in housing production that achieves widespread, abundant affordable housing options is critical to the economic vibrancy of the region, to advancing homeownership options for low- and moderate-income people, and to advancing race equity in the region; it is central to the Council’s mission to make the Bay Area the best place to live and work. We aim for this goal with three main strategies: passing pro-production policies, helping individual projects clear the gauntlet of local approvals, and educating the public.
Goal 1: Expand Federal Funding for Affordable Housing Production
The Bay Area is experiencing an immense housing crisis, and the Federal Government’s most significant role in ameliorating that will come through funding. According to Enterprise Community Partners, the Bay Area has a shortage of nearly 160,000 affordable homes, which need to be built using private and public funding. We request Congress expand the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit and other funding sources for affordable housing to help resolve this shortage.
Goal 2: Pass The Affordable Housing Credit Improvement Act
This bipartisan proposal (H.R. 2725 and S. 1515) would produce or preserve nearly 1.6 million affordable homes over the next 10 years. Among many important provisions, AHICA would reduce the private activity bond threshold requirement from 50 percent to 25 percent, allowing local investments to produce more affordable homes, an efficiency gain that will further incentivize local investment in affordable housing production.
Goal 3: Accelerate Mass Timber Technology
Mass timber, an advanced lumber technology manufactured in the United States from domestic timber, is an emerging technology with great potential. It creates both rural and urban jobs, reduces the cost of construction, and has the potential to achieve great improvements in the sustainability of building materials. We hope that Congress and the US Department of Forestry will continue working on building code refinements and investments in manufacturing mass timber as a way to produce needed jobs and advanced lumber technology for construction.
Public Safety
OPPORTUNITY
Issues surrounding crime, safety, and cleanliness throughout the Bay Area have soared in recent years, pushing residents, employers, employees, and visitors away from city centers, decimating transit ridership and threatening the region’s economic recovery. According to the 2022 Bay Area Council poll, more than 50% of respondents said that they do not think the Bay Area is a safe place to live, a nearly 45% increase from 2019, and more than 65% stated that they avoid going to big city downtown areas in the Bay Area because of crime. Restoring confidence in the safety of our downtown business districts, neighborhoods, transit systems and other public spaces is critical for the future of the entire region. In response, the Bay Area Council moved swiftly to develop and expand its public safety agenda in 2022. Today, the Bay Area Council’s Public Safety Committee is one of its largest and most active committees, bringing together diverse regional leaders in business, government, and the non-profit sectors to make the region a safer place for all who live, work, and visit.
WHAT WE SEEK
Support law enforcement recruitment, retention, and perception
Filling the current unprecedented sworn officer vacancy rates that most public safety agencies are experiencing throughout the Bay Area and in most U.S. cities is critical to guaranteeing more security presence, improving 911 response times, and ultimately decreasing crime. The Council is actively fundraising for a regionwide law enforcement recruitment and perception campaign, but strongly believes public funding should be available to support recruitment efforts like this one that don’t just support a single department or agency, rather an entire region and enterprise. Additionally, the federal government needs to double down on workforce development and other job training opportunities in law enforcement in order to increase the overall pool of applicants and better capture local and diverse hires.
Leverage federal tools to disrupt criminal networks and drug trafficking
Federal law enforcement agencies are uniquely positioned to address the upstream sources of violent crime and hard drug proliferation that affect local safety outcomes in the Bay Area and across the country. Fentanyl and other synthetic opioids, in particular, are devastating communities and straining the capacity of local public safety and health systems. Federal agencies must intensify their efforts to intercept these substances at ports of entry and through international and interstate investigations, while supporting local jurisdictions with actionable intelligence and joint operations targeting drug trafficking organizations and violent criminal networks.
In addition to interdicting drugs and firearms, the Department of Justice and Department of Homeland Security should expand grant opportunities and technical assistance for cities and regions like the Bay Area that are innovating new models of violence prevention, overdose response, and community-based intervention strategies. These approaches are more effective when aligned with federal investigations and enforcement aimed at dismantling the organized criminal infrastructure fueling local public safety challenges.
Supplement local public safety agencies with additional resources to fill gaps created by budget constraints and personnel vacancies
Police and Sheriff’s departments are struggling to meet the needs of their communities due to high personnel vacancy rates, budget shortfalls, and related challenges. Closing major gaps in budgets and personnel won’t happen overnight, and, in the meantime, the life and property of residents, employees, and visitors is under threat. Federal funding, supplemental support from federal agents and other law enforcement and criminal justice personnel, and other resources need to be funneled quickly to local agencies to supplement their existing work and close any gaps that are currently hindering the agency’s ability to fight crime.
Strengthen law enforcement coordination across levels of government
The Bay Area is home to over 100 local police and sheriff’s departments, nine district attorneys, a multitude of state and federal officers and prosecutors, and many more important players in the criminal justice field in the region who are almost all entirely operating in silos. Improving community, collaboration and more strategically deploying resources is critical to ensure that collective enforcement efforts are successful in markedly reducing crime and improving public safety. The federal government can play a catalytic role by facilitating regional coordination among law enforcement agencies, prosecutors, and public safety stakeholders at all levels. A federal-led approach to strategic collaboration would yield more effective enforcement, more efficient use of resources, and better public outcomes.
Maritime Industry & Waterfront Investment
OPPORTUNITY
The Bay Area Council is working to bring new investment to our waterfront to tackle our interconnected housing, economic, and environmental goals. Many of the region’s most beautiful and successful neighborhoods, job centers, and parks are right on the water, and we believe there should be more. As the Bay Area faces $110 billion in funding needs to adapt to sea level rise, the private sector has a critical role to play in building the shoreline of the future. By activating our waterfront, we can build vibrant and beautiful new centers for community and innovation while embracing climate resilience and preparing the region to weather the storms ahead.
WHAT WE SEEK
Coastal Flood Risk Study in SF Bay Area
Support an internal allocation of $100,000 to the San Francisco District of US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Planning Assistance to States funding to use existing data, models and plans and prioritize “hotspots”– geographic areas where economically-disadvantaged communities and infrastructure for transportation, wastewater, housing, and other economic assets are most vulnerable to coastal flooding in the San Francisco Bay Area.
Allocate $500,000 in the FY 25 Work Plan and appropriate $500,000 in FY 26 appropriations for General Investigation funding for USACE to develop and execute a cost share agreement with the State Coastal Conservancy, develop a project management plan, and begin a Coastal Flood Risk Study in San Francisco Bay Area to develop solutions that address flood risk, integrate conventional and natural and nature-based measures, and beneficially use dredged sediment to manage flood risk. The multi-year study process would aim to recommend a construction project for future potential Congressional authorization.
Resilient San Francisco Bay Pilot Project
We request $12 million in the FY 25 Work Plan and $4.6 million in FY 26 appropriations of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Construction General funds for the Resilient San Francisco Bay Pilot Project for direct placement of dredged sediment at restoration sites to continue the successful record of beneficial use that occurred during the 2023 and 2024 dredge seasons.
Appropriate $75 million for the EPA’s San Francisco Bay Program for FY26
The San Francisco Bay Restoration Act established a new EPA program for the San Francisco Bay to promote clean water, shoreline restoration, endangered species protection, and climate adaptation. Continued funding growth and accelerated planning is essential to provide more protection before tidal flooding increases damage to wetlands and communities in the coming years.
Pass HR 1382, the SF Bay Program Technical Correction Act
HR 1382 will make technical corrections to the San Francisco Bay Restoration Act to clarify Congressional intent and expand the program authorization to utilize a wider variety of funding mechanisms in support of the program goals.
Port of Oakland Turning Basins Widening Project (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)
The Port of Oakland project proposed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers will widen the Inner and Outer Harbor Turning Basins to better accommodate larger vessels that are calling on the Port with greater frequency. The project was federally authorized as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 2024. The Oakland Seaport is a vital part of the state and national economies, including the export of domestic agricultural products, and is associated with over $90 billion in total national value in wages, local purchases, and in state, local and federal taxes. $8 million is requested as part of the Planning, Engineering and Design (PED) phase of this project.
Port Infrastructure Development Program (U.S. DOT, Maritime Administration)
The Port Infrastructure Development Program (PIDP) has been a successful funding tool utilized by multiple Administrations to modernize the nation’s aging port infrastructure, including critical upgrades that have increased the efficiency, safety, and reliability of port operations and the goods movement supply chain, including support for the export of agricultural products and domestically manufactured goods. Continued robust funding support for the PIDP program is needed to ensure the competitiveness of U.S. ports.
Healthcare
OPPORTUNITY
Last year Californians passed Proposition 1, enacting sweeping changes to how California treats mental illness, substance abuse, and homelessness. Aggressive state action is essential in addressing the mental health crisis so often playing out on California’s streets. However, like the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, the success of such efforts will be dependent upon participation from stakeholders from across the state and beyond, including the federal government.
WHAT WE SEEK
A focus on behavioral health and supportive services
California communities, like thousands of their counterparts across the country, are now experiencing the most severe mental health, substance abuse, housing affordability and homelessness crises in modern memory. Aggressive state action in California is redefining the standard for intervention, but it cannot shoulder the burden entirely alone. Innovation through Medicaid waivers and other mechanisms will be critical to adapting our systems to deal with these crises.
Maintaining the stability of our healthcare system
Medicaid (Medi-Cal) covers more than half of California’s children, millions of seniors and people with disabilities, and one in five of all California working adults. It also provides long-term care, covers enrollees with the most complex needs – such as those with behavioral health, addiction, and those experiencing homelessness – and is the second-largest source of funding for medical education in the United States. An essential safety net service in every way, any changes to the Medicaid program should be very carefully considered.
Value for spending through private sector competition
In order for business, their employees and other consumers of healthcare to have better value for medical spending, we need healthy competitive private markets. This includes markets for health insurance, hospital and other health services including pharmaceuticals and biologics. Approaches that do not emphasize health private market competition – whether they are approaches like limited benefit health insurance or provider price setting – represent the wrong direction.
Transportation
OPPORTUNITY
The Bay Area economy depends on our ability to easily move people and goods throughout the region. The Bay Area Council is working to strengthen our public transit system, alleviate traffic congestion on our roads and bridges, expand ferry routes, advance innovative transportation technologies and services, and improve the efficiency of goods movement operations.
WHAT WE SEEK
Preserve Infrastructure Investments, Improve Efficiency of Public Transit Operations, Advance Innovative Transportation Technologies and Services
Infrastructure:
The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL) and the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) authorized the largest amount of new funding for transportation projects in decades. We are grateful to our delegation for these funds and have identified opportunities to ensure the money is used for projects that help the Bay Area meet our mobility goals while driving economic growth in the most populous state in the country.
- Grow the FHWA Bridge Formula Program to continue investments in maintaining our region’s bridges, which connect our 9 county region and drive our economy.
- Sustain Highway Trust Fund support for Infrastructure Investment and Jobs (IIJA) formula programs, and make IIJA General Fund appropriations a permanent component of the federal surface transportation funding baseline.
- Maintain federal investment in the Capital Investment Grant (CIG) program. 5 major Bay Area transit projects – two funded and three future projects – are expected to collectively create roughly 250,000 jobs across the country, the following three projects are seeking future full funding grant agreements:
- Extending BART to Silicon Valley
- The Portal will bring Caltrain commuter rail service into Downtown San Francisco
- Valley Link commuter rail system will link residents in the San Joaquin Valley with jobs in the Bay Area
Public Transit:
The Council has been working to improve the Bay Area’s public transit system for over 50 years, and we are currently helping to shape a regional funding measure that will sustain and improve our transit system by locally funding transit operations. The Council developed a proposal that will require a financial efficiency review of the transit operators to ensure that every taxpayer dollar is spent as efficiently as possible while improving rider outcomes. However, we still depend on our federal partnership to support the growth of our train, bus, and ferry network that fuels the economic engine of the Bay Area.
- Increase the Federal Highway Administration Ferry Boat Program
- Make permanent the FTA’s Electric/Low Emission Ferry Program
- Increase the Federal Transit Administration Passenger Ferry Grant Program
- Establish transit funding programs specifically for innovative public transit projects, including P3s and cost-effective autonomous transit services like Glydways
- Increase federal funding for rail car replacement and reduce specificity of rail cars in procurement process to enhance competitiveness and financial efficiency
- Increase private contracting services for commuter rail and new intercity rail projects
Innovation:
The Council is proud that the Bay Area is home to the country’s greatest transportation innovation – from ride-hailing services to autonomous vehicle companies developing driverless cars, shuttles, and trucks. New transportation technologies and services can improve transportation options for customers that complement existing services while also reducing costs for transit agencies.
- Waymo is providing hundreds of thousands of fully autonomous trips each week in Arizona, California, and Texas. In San Francisco alone, Waymo’s autonomous ride-hailing service has helped to generate tens of millions of dollars in additional economic activity in the region. We urge the federal government to create a national autonomous vehicle framework and federal vehicle motor safety standards to maintain American leadership in this industry.
- Taxi Cab Exception: Ensure FTA guidance will continue to allow Lyft and Uber to partner with transit agencies to deliver paratransit and microtransit services, which allow transit agencies to serve more riders at a lower cost.
Homelessness
OPPORTUNITY
The shift in federal and state priorities from providing homeless residents with quick access to live-saving shelter to expensive permanent housing with long delays has been disastrous in high-cost states like California, which today is home to roughly half the nation’s unsheltered homeless population. Long term unsheltered homelessness contributes to devastating health and safety outcomes and deprives the public access to public spaces. We ask Congress and the Administration to allow states and local jurisdictions to use federal programs to support interim solutions like emergency shelter and interim housing.
WHAT WE SEEK
Allow Continuum of Care and Section 8 to fund Interim Housing
The Continuum of Care (CoC) and Section 8 programs are currently geared toward permanent housing solutions, yet the growing urgency of homelessness in many communities highlights the need for greater flexibility. Allowing these programs to fund interim housing—such as short-term shelters or transitional units—would provide immediate relief for individuals and families experiencing homelessness while permanent housing is secured. This flexibility could reduce street homelessness, improve health and safety outcomes, and provide a structured environment where case managers can better support individuals on their path to stability.
Moreover, the current bottleneck in affordable permanent housing makes it unrealistic to rely solely on long-term placements. Many communities face months- or even years-long waits for permanent housing, during which vulnerable populations are left in unsafe or unstable conditions, often on the streets. By authorizing CoC and Section 8 funds for interim housing, the federal government could bridge the gap between homelessness and housing, offering a more humane, practical, and scalable approach to addressing a national crisis. This would align funding policy with real-world housing market conditions.
Sustaining Medicare Support for Housing-Integrated Health Services
To address the growing crisis of homelessness and its profound impact on public health, we urge federal policymakers to sustain and expand Medicare’s ability to fund supportive housing services through state programs like CalAIM and Medi-Cal. These initiatives demonstrate that integrating health care with housing support—such as case management, tenancy services, and behavioral health—significantly improves outcomes for individuals experiencing homelessness while reducing costly emergency care and hospitalizations. Ensuring Medicare’s continued flexibility to collaborate with Medicaid in funding these evidence-based interventions is a fiscally responsible investment in public health, community stability, and human dignity.
Water Security & Flood Protection
OPPORTUNITY
The Bay Area economy represents roughly 6% percent of the entire nation’s GDP, yet its prosperity is threatened by several natural stressors including water reliability and vulnerability to flooding.
WHAT WE SEEK
Support Tax-Exempt Bond Financing for Critical Infrastructure
Local utilities’ ability to issue tax-exempt bonds is critical for building affordable water supply infrastructure while keeping costs low for ratepayers. Because 2017 tax cuts required $1.7 billion in offsets to meet reconciliation rules, local governments lost the ability to issue tax-exempt bonds for advance refunding to take advantage of lower interest rates. We urge Congress and the Administration that any future tax cut bill protect the ability of local governments and utilities to issue tax-exempt bonds for critical infrastructure.
Coastal Flood Risk Study in the San Francisco Bay Area
USACE has an existing authorization from the Water Resources Development Act (WRDA) of 1976 and expanded through WRDA 2020 to conduct General Investigations feasibility studies on flooding along bay and ocean shorelines in the San Francisco Bay Area. WRDA 2024 further expanded this authorization to allow for the study to consider flooding from sea level rise on the shorelines of all 9 Bay Area counties. Specific assets at near-term risk include airports, ports, wastewater treatment plants, major highways and roadways, public transit, Silicon Valley businesses, and thousands of residences housing low and moderate-income people. Even just a partial estimate of impacts – $230 billion based on losses to assessed property values and roadways – is much higher than the estimated cost to adapt to sea level rise. We seek an internal allocation of $100,000 to the San Francisco District of US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Planning Assistance to States funding to use existing data, models and plans and prioritize “hotspots”– geographic areas where economically- disadvantaged communities and infrastructure for transportation, wastewater, housing, and other economic assets are most vulnerable to coastal flooding in the San Francisco Bay Area; and a $500,000 appropriation in the FY 25 Work Plan and appropriate $500,000 in FY 26 appropriations for General Investigation funding for USACE to develop and execute a cost share agreement with the State Coastal Conservancy, develop a project management plan, and begin a Coastal Flood Risk Study in San Francisco Bay Area to develop solutions that address flood risk, integrate conventional and natural and nature-based measures, and beneficially use dredged sediment to manage flood risk.
Protect Existing Water Infrastructure Funding
Public water agencies depend on federal loans and grants to help fund critical infrastructure projects that provide safe, clean drinking water and protect communities from flooding. These projects are capital intensive and often very costly, and the benefits extend well beyond the immediate communities that are served. We ask Congress and the Administration to retain critical federal water infrastructure funds, including WIFIA, CWIFP, and NRCS and FEMA grants. Examples of these programs include:
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- Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (WIFIA) Program (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) – Low-cost, low-interest program that provides financing for large water infrastructure projects nationwide. In its less than 10 years in existence, the program has closed 140 loans totaling $22B in credit assistance to help finance $48B for water infrastructure projects and creating 160,000 jobs. In the Bay Area, WIFIA loans are critical for allowing the $2.5B Anderson Dam seismic retrofit project to proceed while minimizing ratepayer impacts.
- Corps Water Infrastructure Financing Program (CWIFP) (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers) – Low-cost, low-interest program that provides financing for non-federal dam projects and non-federal levee projects nationwide. This program was authorized under the same WIFIA statute as the EPA WIFIA program but has faced hurdles at the Office of Management and Budget. This remains an important financing option for agencies looking to fund critical public safety dam projects and it should be continued.
- Watershed and Flood Prevention Operations Program (Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture) – Grant program that funds flood protection and watershed restoration projects in rural/agricultural areas.
- Hazard Mitigation Assistance Grants (Federal Emergency Management Agency) – Grant program that funds disaster preparedness and resilience, including flood protection projects. Can provide up to $50M depending on the program.
Support Large-Scale Water Recycling
Recycled water is the most cost-effective drought-resilient water supply available to most drought-prone regions, and large-scale recycling projects can help minimize cost impacts to ratepayers. Congress created the Large-Scale Water Recycling Program at the Bureau of Reclamation to help fund large-scale projects ($500M+ cost), providing the program with a total of $450M. Given the scale of these projects and the growing demand for federal assistance, we ask Congress and the Administration to provide at least $500M in additional funding for this program over a period of several years so that projects currently under development can best take advantage of new funding.
Wildfires
OPPORTUNITY
Recent disasters, such as the Bridge Fire and the Mosquito Fire, underscore the urgent need for comprehensive wildfire management strategies. A robust federal-state partnership is essential to enhance prevention, response, and recovery efforts. Collaborative initiatives, including expanded fuel break projects and increased federal funding, have already demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating wildfire impacts. Sustained federal support is crucial to bolster California’s resilience against future wildfires.
WHAT WE SEEK
Federal Funding for Wildfire fuel reduction on Federal Land
The vast expanse of federally owned land interwoven within California’s Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) presents a unique challenge and opportunity in the battle against wildfires. With these federal lands often serving as critical buffers between communities and the surrounding wilderness, it’s paramount that we prioritize substantial, long-term increases in federal funding dedicated to wildfire fuel reduction initiatives. Such investments would enable strategic fuel management practices, including controlled burns, mechanical thinning, and vegetation management, aimed at reducing the abundance of combustible materials that fuel wildfires. We seek an ongoing annual appropriation of $1.2 – $4 billion.
Federal Funding for Wildfire Infrastructure hardening
While there are many natural causes of wildfires, such as lightning strikes, humans caused 87% of wildfire ignitions in the US over the last decade. As climate change exacerbates the frequency and intensity of wildfires across California. This support should encompass not only financial aid for retrofitting infrastructure to withstand wildfire impacts but also comprehensive planning assistance to ensure communities are equipped with effective mitigation strategies. By investing in resilient infrastructure and promoting wildfire mitigation initiatives, the federal government can play a crucial role in minimizing the devastating effects of wildfires and building a more resilient nation for the future. We seek an annual appropriation of $1.2 billion – $4 billion per year for 30 years.
Technology, Research & Innovation
OPPORTUNITY
Today’s San Francisco Bay Area is one of the most dynamic, productive and innovative regions in the history of the world, bringing countless pioneering technologies and groundbreaking scientific discoveries to the world. This rich ecosystem of culture, talent, capital, and world-class research institutions makes the Bay Area an economic powerhouse that has become indispensable to the state and the nation.
WHAT WE SEEK
Artificial Intelligence
AI development is moving at a breakneck pace and will only get faster. Developing an intelligent, U.S.-led regulatory framework for this world-changing technology is critical to its continued maturation and to our national security. Any AI policy should be narrowly tailored to risks, and to regulate those risks when they arise as opposed to regulating AI algorithms. Further, we support open innovation that does not unduly burden innovation by favoring proprietary systems. Most importantly, we hope for a clear, streamlined and effective federal regulatory system that will avoid a patchwork of different regulatory regimes across the states. Federal legislation should preempt state laws regarding the development of frontier AI models. We seek a unified federal approach to managing the risks of these models, while allowing states to address concerns related to high-risk, consumer-facing applications where they identify clear gaps. Agencies should be directed to clarify the applicability of existing law to AI technology and reduce the need for duplicative new laws.
Washington should ensure AI has the fuel, freedom, and data it needs: guarantee abundant, fairly priced power for data‑center growth, defend industry access to public web data under balanced copyright rules, and push back hard on overreaching foreign tech regulations to keep U.S. innovation unconstrained.
Autonomous Vehicles
As scalable AV solutions become increasingly common, uniform federal standards are critical. We must avoid a patchwork of overlapping or conflicting regulatory frameworks that will hamstring this transformational technology. To this end, the federal government should promote deployment and commercialization, particularly with respect to supply chain movement, where 50% more freight will need to be moved by 2050. In addition to offering additional supply-chain resilience, AVs offer potentially game-changing advances in safety, mobility and accessibility. We need legislation to compel NHTSA rulemaking on standards for autonomous driving systems, safety data reporting and other key metrics.
Chips and Science Act
We ask for continued support for the CHIPS and Science Act, a $280B investment in domestic semiconductor manufacturing, research and development, and workforce training, all of which will support greater private investment, national security and supply chain resilience.We should build on the CHIPS and Science Act by extending and expanding existing federal tax credits for semiconductor manufacturing equipment which expire on 12/31/26, and we should strive to expand the credits to include equipment used for chip design and R&D equipment.
Federal research funding
We call on Congress to protect American science and to provide critical increases for the federal science agencies in the FY 2026 appropriations to support robust funding for research, education and scientific infrastructure.
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- Federal R&D funding has produced life-changing technological breakthroughs and powered the United States’ economic and geopolitical dominance for generations
- U.S. federal R&D funding has been in decline for 60 years, making our nation’s. economy vulnerable.
- China continues to seek every opportunity to outperform, outspend and outpace the U.S. in R&D.
- Without robust science investments, the U.S. risks falling behind China in emerging technology development and the next-generation scientific workforce—threatening U.S. innovations and national security.
- More than 1 in 3 venture-backed startup patents can be traced back to federal R&D funding.
- Federal research agencies provide the funding to train American workers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics, essential capabilities for maintaining global competitiveness.
- Funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF) directly supports more than 300,000 researchers, technical professionals, post-doctoral and graduate students, and K-12 teachers and students.
